The Unconcluded War
As I argued in a 2025 article, “Peace is a Haunting Specter of War,” the 1951 Japanese Peace Treaty should be understood as the foundation of a U.S.-Japan postwar alliance. It departed from the territorial framework the Allies established during the war and produced no regional settlement comparable to the one established for Germany at Potsdam. Read against the documents of that peace process, Kavanagh’s report describes the cost of maintaining an unconcluded war. Bertrand presents its conclusion as a strategic withdrawal, closer to a modern-day Dunkirk, in which an untenable forward position is abandoned while the military perimeter is preserved farther east.