Modernisation Does Not Mean Capitalism
In 1960, the US economist Walt Whitman Rostow published The Stages of Economic Growth: A Non-Communist Manifesto. The subtitle revealed the book’s purpose. Rostow did not merely describe economic development; he offered an ideological weapon for the Cold War. All societies, he argued, travelled along the same road, beginning in ‘traditional society’, passing through the ‘preconditions for take-off’, ‘take-off’, the ‘drive to maturity’, and eventually arriving at the ‘age of high mass consumption’. At the end of this road stood the United States itself: its social, cultural, and political institutions appeared as the model for the rest of the world.