Above Photo: From PopularResistance.org.
The therapists, counselors, and social workers at Kaiser Permanente in California have won a magnificent victory. In a last minute retreat, in the face of an open-ended strike, Kaiser, the giant California health care corporation, settled with 1400 workers and their union, the National Union of Healthcare Workers (NUHW).
The therapists’ victory is a landmark, in healthcare and above all in mental healthcare. The bottom line: these workers have won patient care ratios, they’ve won the right to advocate for patients, and they won these in a context of a nationwide drive to cut costs and press productivity in an industry awash in cash.
For Barry Kamil, a psychologist with 34 years experience at Kaiser in Richmond, CA, “It’s an historic victory. It puts our union in the forefront of the movement for getting mental health care on par with medical care. Kaiser’s resistance has been unbelievable; they wanted to eliminate us as a union.”
The Kaiser workers won on economic demands as well; 6 % the first year, 4.5% plus bonuses in the second and third years of a three year contract. They protected their pension benefits; Kaiser – what’s new – proposed erasing their defined benefit plan.
The contract, their first contract, is the culmination of a five year fight.
“It’s all changed now,” says Clem Papazian, a psychiatric social worker at Kaiser’s Oakland Medical Center, the elected President of NUHW’s Northern California mental health clinicians. “We are in a very different position with Kaiser than we’ve ever been before.
“Our tentative agreement includes an unprecedented scheduling ratio – one-new patient to four returning patient appointments – that will allow us to see returning patients more frequently. Kaiser will be required to hire more clinicians if it can’t meet the ratio.”
The confrontation climaxed on November 15; Kaiser faced the immediate prospect of a strike by its Northern California therapists. They faced it at a time when the corporation was increasingly under scrutiny for its failures in delivering timely mental health care, scrutiny symbolized by the demand “No More Suicides.”
Kaiser, based in Oakland, is the largest Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) in the country with 10 million members, 38 medical centers, 175,000 employees and 18,000 doctors. In 2014 the “non-profit” Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and Kaiser Foundations Hospitals reported $3 billion in net income and $60 billion in revenues. Today, its CEO, Bernard J. Tyson, receives compensation totaling perhaps $10 million annually, not including half a dozen pensions.
Nevertheless, it had no way to replace the therapists, whose solidarity had, if anything, increased in the weeks before the threatened strike. A last minute Kaiser proposal for productivity quotas to be enforced with new disciplinary measures infuriated them. At the same time, Kaiser was losing the battle of public opinion. They relented and threw in the towel.
It is five years now since these workers first entered negotiations for a contract with Kaiser. In 2010, in the aftermath of trusteeship by the Service Employees International Union (SEIU), 4000 California Kaiser workers decertified and joined the new NUHW. In these years, Kaiser stubbornly refused to bargain in anything approaching good faith. They demanded concessions in wages, benefits, staffing and work rules, well-knowing they would not be accepted.
Meanwhile, Kaiser signed contracts with their ‘partnership’ unions (not very good ones) and with nurses – everyone but NUHW. They made it clear that SEIU’s California affiliate United Healthcare Workers-West (UHW), was their union. NUHW was outside the fold.
Kaiser stonewalled their therapists demands on every front, above all on decent staffing ratios – this in a time of deepening mental health crisis – retaliating against critics and whistle blowers alike.
The workers responded by striking four times, two one-day strikes, one three-day strike and a weeklong strike statewide by 2600 therapists in January 2015, at that point the largest mental health workers strike in national history. They initiated a campaign exposing the shocking shortcomings in mental health care delivery at Kaiser, fusing their demands for staffing with the increasingly loud voices of Kaiser patients and mental health advocates. This included publishing the path breaking study, “Care delayed, Care Denied.”
They joined in a class action suit accusing Kaiser of breaking California’s laws regulating mental healthcare delivery. Kaiser was fined $4 million by state regulators.
They worked for five years without a contract – no raises, no rights, no dues check-off – paying dues voluntarily directly to union representatives. They maintained a full-blown democratic union structure even as recognition was denied, indeed challenged on every front.
Finally, these Kaiser workers did this in the face of the SEIU’s pledge to “kill” the NUHW – to “drive a stake through its heart,” in the words of UHW President Dave Regan.
SEIU members crossed their picket lines, SEIU organizers relentlessly pressed decertification drives. Indeed, Regan has stated publically, sometimes on the same platform with industry leaders, that there are no staffing issues at Kaiser. In the last days before the threatened strike, SEIU intervened with a fear campaign of its own – a specter of punishments, dismissals, takebacks.
The issue of pensions was also central; Kaiser proposed – and still wants – defined benefit pension plans eliminated. It wants these switched over to individual 401K plans. That is, it wants to offload all responsibility for providing for the pensions of its workers. Certainly, Kaiser is not alone in this. Cutting pensions is today a central plank in the nation’s employers’ assault on workers: Caterpillar, Verizon, and Boeing have all won major victories here.
The trucking industry is now proposing massive cuts in the pensions of retired members of the Teamsters Union in the central states – some retired workers will lose as much as $20,000 a year. But, says, Ken Paff, the National Organizer for Teamsters of a Democratic Union (TDU), “We’re fighting back and we can win. Pensions are a huge issue for us. When unions fight for pensions, the public is on our side. They’re on our side now. The AARP is on our side. Maybe not everyone has a pension but they know someone who does, often a family member, a parent. The defense of pensions has to be a top drawer issue for unions”
All the more important, then, is the NUHW victory. According to Papazian, “Our strikes forced Kaiser to dial back. First they dropped the 401(K) plan, proposing instead two tiering it.
“We fought this too. Nevertheless, last month Kaiser announced it was unilaterally implementing two-tier, forcing newly hired clinicians into the cheaper 401 (K) plans. We said no; and just hours before we were set to strike, Kaiser backpedaled again and withdrew two-tier. The result is that our future co-workers will receive the same defined benefit pension we’ve had for years.”
No small accomplishment. Workers need decent pensions; all too often it’s a matter of survival. But again, it must be said, the NUHW clinicians did this in spite of opposition from SEIU.
“SEIU has been willing to give our pensions away from the start. The only reason they haven’t is because of our fight – and the fact that their members are watching.”
Papazian won’t say it, but this victory that saved the pensions of NUHW members has done much more; it has saved decent pensions also for tens of thousands of Kaiser workers, including the member of SEIU.
According to NUHW Research Director Fred Seavey, “By my count, SEIU-UHW has eliminated defined benefit pensions for at least 20,000 of its members.
“They did this at Dignity Health, which operates more than 30 hospitals across California and employs approximately 15,000 SEIU-UHW members. They also did so at the Daughters of Charity Health System where approximately 3,000 SEIU members work. Finally, they’ve made the same cuts at multiple stand-alone hospitals.
“Why would it be different at Kaiser?”
In the last phase of this fight, Kaiser placed advertisements on BART, the Bay Area Rapid Transit, to the effect that mental health care was not the issue, that it was involved simply in a labor dispute with NUHW, nothing more – as if that relieved them of any moral responsibilities.
Kaiser execs responded to critics – including the spouses and relatives of suicide victims –by saying the NUHW’s claims were “exaggerated” and “misleading”; again that behind NUHW’s campaign lurked “a labor dispute.”
This failed to fly. Shirley Zane, a Sonoma County Supervisor whose own husband, a Kaiser member, was “so grossly undertreated for severe depression that he hung himself,” replied, “I am literally sickened that you have concocted such a callous and unfounded defense for this broken healthcare system.”
“Kaiser just doesn’t get it,” became the union members’ mantra. “We work for our patients first, not to mention ourselves and our families.”
NUHW President Sal Rosselli, says, “Kaiser doesn’t listen to their workers. They become healthcare workers because they want to help people. They join unions for the very same reason. The fight for decent health care delivery is a union issue – advocating for patients is what a union does, or should do.
“The problem is that this light we’ve shone on Kaiser exposes what exists everywhere, but most healthcare workers aren’t organized. They have no protection.”
The tentative agreement is now in the hands of NUHW members. Bargaining continues in NUHW’s Southern California Kaiser units, where Kaiser has promised to settle similar contracts in short order.
Clem Papazian believes, “This is just the start. We see ourselves at Kaiser as the tip of the spear in holding the whole industry to decent standards – of timely access for mental health patients and regulations that establish parity with medical health.
“Kaiser is in no way unique; the problems exist throughout the system, but Kaiser holds itself the leader and in fact they are big enough to shape the industry. So our work at Kaiser is really about moving the whole industry.”